目录
1. UNION和UNION ALL
2. Join(四种连接方式)
1. UNION和UNION ALL
要求:
UNION 内部的 SELECT 语句必须拥有相同数量的列。列也必须拥有相似的数据类型。同时,每条 SELECT 语句中的列的顺序必须相同
区别1 - Union会进行去重:
a. Union对两个结果集进行并集操作, 不包括重复行,相当于distinct, 同时进行默认规则的排序
b. Union all对两个结果集进行并集操作, 包括重复行, 即所有的结果全部显示, 不管是不是重复
区别2 - Union会进行排序:
a. Union默认排序,如果第一个字段重复,则按第二个字段排序,以此类推
b. Union all不排序
共性:
a. Union/Union all的前后两张表都不需要加括号
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1
UNION
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2
b. Union后可以直接使用两张表的新建列名做排序
SELECT 'succeeded' AS period_state,
MIN(success_date) AS start_date,
MAX(success_date) AS end_date
FROM
(SELECT *,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY success_date ASC) AS rk,
DATE_SUB(success_date, INTERVAL ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY success_date ASC) DAY) AS diff
FROM Succeeded
WHERE success_date BETWEEN '2019-01-01' AND '2019-12-31') a
GROUP BY diff
UNION ALL
SELECT 'failed' AS period_state,
MIN(fail_date) AS start_date,
MAX(fail_date) AS end_date
FROM
(SELECT *,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY fail_date ASC) AS rk,
DATE_SUB(fail_date, INTERVAL ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY fail_date ASC) DAY) AS diff
FROM Failed
WHERE fail_date BETWEEN '2019-01-01' AND '2019-12-31') a
GROUP BY diff
ORDER BY start_date
2. Join(四种连接方式)
- 内连接:Inner Join
- 外连接:Left Outer Join,Right Outer Join(Outer可省略)
- 全连接:Full Outer Join(Outer可省略)-- 只要其中某个表存在匹配,Full Join 关键字就会返回行(左连接+右连接)
- 笛卡尔积连接:Cross Join -- 两表直接笛卡尔积的结果数量是两表的数据量相乘(列相加,行相乘)
注意:Mysql中没有Full Join,可以左连接和右连接进行Union
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table1 LEFT JOIN table2 ON table1.name = table2.name
UNION
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table1 RIGHT JOIN table2 ON table1.name =table2.name
注意:笛卡尔积连接有两种写法
select * from a CROSS JOIN b;
或者
select * from a, b